Dunder (Magic) Methods in Python

Lets dive into the world of Pythons dunder methods the ones surrounded by double underscores (_like_this_)!

What are Dunder Methods?
Dunder (Double UNDERscore) methods are special methods in Python that let you define how objects behave with built-in functions and operators.

Examples:
- _init_() &8594; Object initialization
- _str_() &8594; String representation
- _len_() &8594; Length using len()
- _add_() &8594; + operator behavior
- _eq_() &8594; == comparison

Why Use Them?
They make your class behave like built-in types (e.g., str, list, etc.)

Example:

class Book:
def _init_(self, title, pages):
self.title = title
self.pages = pages

def _str_(self):
return fself.title has self.pages pages

def _len_(self):
return self.pages

book1 = Book(Python Basics, 300)
print(book1) Python Basics has 300 pages
print(len(book1)) 300


Without _str_, print(book1) shows something like _main_.Book object at 0x...
Without _len_, len(book1) raises an error.

Popular Dunder Methods & Their Purpose:
* _init_ &8594; Constructor
* _str_ &8594; Readable string output
* _repr_ &8594; Debug representation
* _len_ &8594; Length with len()
* _eq_ &8594; Equality == check
* _add_ &8594; Add with +
* _getitem_ &8594; Indexing obj[index]